{"id":2747,"date":"2023-03-12T16:36:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T13:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.univ-oeb.dz\/fdsp\/?p=2747"},"modified":"2025-07-07T19:30:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T16:30:45","slug":"%d8%a3-%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-oeb.dz\/fdsp\/2023\/03\/12\/%d8%a3-%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623.\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629_ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642_ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a rouane.medsalah@univ-oeb.dz:rouanemedsalah@hotmail.fr&nbsp;&nbsp; ____<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: \\<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/em><\/strong>rouane.medsalah@univ-oeb.dz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Google Scholar: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ReaserchGate.: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ORCID: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642_ &nbsp;\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 _ \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a _ \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 _ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-&nbsp; \u0633\u0646\u0629 1998<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a: \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 = \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 : &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f.. \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a _ \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 _ \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 _ \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a_ \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a_ \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a _ \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a _ \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a _ \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629_<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 _ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 _ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 _&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 _ \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a _ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 _ \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629_ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631&nbsp; \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 _ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a_ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 _ \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 _ \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631&nbsp; , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 _ \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 . \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629_ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642_ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a rouane.medsalah@univ-oeb.dz:rouanemedsalah@hotmail.fr&nbsp;&nbsp; ____ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: \\ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: rouane.medsalah@univ-oeb.dz Google Scholar: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. ReaserchGate.: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 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