{"id":2801,"date":"2023-03-13T13:03:43","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T10:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.univ-oeb.dz\/fdsp\/?page_id=2801"},"modified":"2025-07-07T20:16:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T17:16:35","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%b7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-oeb.dz\/fdsp\/%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\/ \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628: .\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0642\u0637&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 (\u0623) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f <a href=\"mailto:\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064aaziza.metatla@yahoo.com\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064aaziza.metatla@yahoo.com<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: \\<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Google Scholar: : https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=ar&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;gmla=AJsN-F7t8DINekhjvkNuP2z3QSp-Pm5uw_RqnElSaStbkkcCDEoZMfc32-3ra9PcFEndG0ir2CVxwR1rwNe0ZpM-nXpCCnt1QS7K652gtcI-dX0HoRVFOx9YS1fnszgnW8LIFWnO6nxWvuZXxLoa2-zm3_uMfyHTHcCK6bADeYpT6EG_HeFF2kU&amp;user=n4E4PcgAAAAJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ReaserchGate.: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/firststeps.FollowSuggestions.html\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/firststeps.FollowSuggestions.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ORCID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0002-7954-1066\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0002-7954-1066<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a 2019 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a 2008 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1994 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp; \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp; \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-right\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629( \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627)\u060c&#8221;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 &#8220;\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628: .\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0642\u0637&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 (\u0623) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064aaziza.metatla@yahoo.com&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: \\ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: Google Scholar: : https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=ar&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;gmla=AJsN-F7t8DINekhjvkNuP2z3QSp-Pm5uw_RqnElSaStbkkcCDEoZMfc32-3ra9PcFEndG0ir2CVxwR1rwNe0ZpM-nXpCCnt1QS7K652gtcI-dX0HoRVFOx9YS1fnszgnW8LIFWnO6nxWvuZXxLoa2-zm3_uMfyHTHcCK6bADeYpT6EG_HeFF2kU&amp;user=n4E4PcgAAAAJ ReaserchGate.: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/firststeps.FollowSuggestions.html ORCID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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